Ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa nibikoresho byumye bitabarika. Usibye itandukaniro ryimiterere ya fiziki ya chimique yibikoresho bitandukanye nibisabwa nibicuruzwa, imiterere ya thermofiziki yibikoresho mugihe cyo kumisha hamwe nibisabwa mubikoresho bya sisitemu yo kumisha mugihe cyo gushyushya nabyo nibitekerezo byingenzi kubashushanya. Iyi ngingo irerekana uburyo bumwe bwo guhitamo ibikoresho mubikoresho byumye kugirango abashushanya.
Ibiranga ibikoresho byumye
Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bwibikoresho byumye byateguwe neza, hamwe birenga ijana bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda. Hariho kandi uburyo butandukanye bwo gutondekanya ibikoresho byumye. Ukurikije uburyo bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe mugikorwa cyo kumisha, barashobora kugabanywamo ibyuma byuma byuma (nka byuma byumuyaga, ibyuma byangiza, ibyuma byihuta byihuta, ibyuma byumye byumye, nibindi), ibyuma byumuyoboro (nkibikoresho byuma byuma, ibyuma byuma byuma), hamwe nuwumisha (nka microwave yumye, kure -). Mubyongeyeho, hari ibikoresho byo kumisha bihuza uburyo bwinshi bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe, nkibishishwa bya padi.
Umubare munini wumye ntabwo ari - ibikoresho bisanzwe, cyane cyane ko buri cyuma gitunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye, kandi ibihe byinshi byumye bigahinduka bitewe nibikoresho, biganisha kumahinduka mumiterere yumye hamwe nibikoresho. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa gusobanura neza ibipimo byihariye byibikoresho bigomba gukama, nkuburyo ibintu bimeze, ubwoko bwibintu bitose, ibicuruzwa byinjira, ibintu biranga ibintu mugihe cyo kumisha, kuba hari ruswa, gutwika no guturika, kubyara amashanyarazi ahamye, ibicuruzwa byihariye bisabwa, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa termosensitifike, kugirango hamenyekane ibipimo bitandukanye byumye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibyuma byinshi ntibishobora kuba misa - byakozwe; kubwibyo, igishushanyo mbonera kigomba kwitondera umwihariko wibikoresho no guhuza n'imikorere.
Uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho bikoreshwa mubikoresho byo kumisha ni byiza - bizwi. Ibikoresho byo kumisha ni ikintu cyingenzi mugiciro cyumye, kandi guhitamo ibikoresho ni uburyo bwingenzi bwo kugenzura ibiciro byibikoresho. Muri rusange, ingingo zikurikira zigomba gusuzumwa muguhitamo ibikoresho byo kumisha: Guhuza ibikenewe nibikoresho bitunganywa. Igikorwa nyamukuru cyo kumisha ibikoresho nukumisha ibikoresho byatanzwe. Kuberako ibyuma byifashisha ibikoresho bitandukanye, bikubiyemo imirima myinshi nk'ibinyampeke, ibiryo, imiti, imiti, ibikomoka ku mashyamba, impapuro, na metallurgie, ibicuruzwa ni bitabarika. Ibisabwa kubikoresho byumye biratandukanye cyane. Kurugero, imiti yimiti, imiti, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibikoresho byamashanyarazi ntibigomba kuvangwa na ioni yicyuma mugihe cyo kumisha; kubwibyo, ibikoresho byuma bya karubone bigomba kwirindwa muguhitamo ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, niba ubuhehere buri mubikoresho burimo aside, alkalis, umunyu, cyangwa ibishishwa kama, birashobora kubora ibikoresho bitandukanye byicyuma. Iyi ruswa irakabije, cyane cyane mugihe cyo gushyushya. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bikwiye bigomba gutoranywa hashingiwe kubiranga ibirimo ubuhehere buri mu bikoresho.
Kubijyanye no gutoranya ibikoresho bishingiye ku bwoko bwumye, nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwumye, buri kimwe gifite ihame ryakazi. Kubwibyo, ibi bigomba gusuzumwa byuzuye muguhitamo ibikoresho. Kurugero, mugihe wumye okiside ya magnesium mukuma kumuyaga, umuvuduko mwinshi wibintu mumiyoboro yumuyaga hamwe nubukomezi bwa oxyde ya magnesium bitera kwambara cyane kumurongo wumye. Kubwibyo, kwambara - imiterere idashobora kwihanganira cyangwa kwambara - ibikoresho byihanganira bigomba gutegurwa kuri kariya gace. Byongeye kandi, ibyuma bidafite ingese byagabanutse cyane ubushyuhe bwumuriro kuruta ibyuma bya karubone. Kubwibyo, mubikoresho byumye aho gutwara aribwo buryo bwambere bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe, niba ibyuma bitagira umwanda byatoranijwe nkibikoresho byingenzi, ahantu ho guhanahana ubushyuhe hagomba kubarwa hashingiwe ku bushyuhe bwumuriro bwibyuma. Ingero zubwubatsi zerekana ko mugihe uhisemo guhinduranya ubushyuhe, ibyuma bidafite ingese bisaba ubuso bwa 30% kurenza ibyuma bya karubone.
Guhitamo ibikoresho byo kumisha biratandukanye bitewe nibintu byumye. Nigeze gukora igishushanyo kinini - yumisha ubushyuhe icyarimwe cyumisha imyunyu ngugu kandi gitangiza polymerisiyasi. Ubushyuhe bwo guhumeka bukenewe bwari hejuru ya dogere 800, bisaba ko hakoreshwa ibikoresho bihenze - birwanya ubushyuhe butagira ibyuma. Nyamara, urebye ko ibyumba byose byumye bitari mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru -, ibarura ryerekanye ko ibikoresho byo hejuru - ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe byakoreshwaga gusa mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru -. Ubu ikora umwaka urenga.
Guhitamo ibikoresho bishingiye kubidukikije byo gushyiramo ibikoresho: Mubihe byinshi, niyo ibintu byavuzwe haruguru byujujwe, ibisabwa kugirango ibidukikije bishyirwemo ibikoresho bigomba gusuzumwa. Niba ibikoresho byashyizwe mu ruganda rukora imiti, kwangirika kw ibidukikije kubikoresho, sisitemu yo kugenzura, hamwe na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi bigomba gutekerezwa neza kugirango habeho igisubizo kiboneye.
Uburyo bwo gukingira ruswa kubikoresho byumye: Ibikoresho byinshi byo kumisha bigizwe nibice byasuditswe, amasahani, na silinderi. Kurinda ruswa birakenewe kubumisha porogaramu zitandukanye. Hano hepfo hari uburambe muburyo bwo kurinda ruswa hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora.
Fosifatiya - inzira ya passivation: Mu gukora ibyuma byinyeganyeza byumye byumye, 70% byibice bikozwe mubyuma bya karubone. Igihe kirekire cyo guhinduranya hagati yimikorere bivamo ubwinshi bwimyanda igaragara hejuru, bisaba imirimo ikomeye yintoki zo gukuraho ingese mbere yo gushushanya. Fosifatiya - passivation, binyuze mumashanyarazi, bivura ingese - bitwikiriye ibyuma byintambwe imwe, byerekana ibara ryumwimerere mugihe icyarimwe ikora firime yuzuye anti - ingese. Iyi firime irashobora kwihanganira guhura numwuka utose muminsi irenga icumi nta ngese. Imikorere yacyo iroroshye, itezimbere ibidukikije, igabanya imbaraga zumurimo, kandi ikiza abakozi nubutunzi. Fosifatique - igisubizo cya passivation kirimo emulisiferi, molybdates, fosifike zishonga, na acide zitandukanye. Ubu buryo ntibukoreshwa gusa muburyo bwimashini zavuzwe haruguru ariko burashobora no gukoreshwa mukurinda ruswa izindi nyubako cyangwa amakadiri asa.
Gukoresha ifu ya electrostatike ifata mugukora ibikoresho byumye: Irangi gakondo ni amazi arimo esteri nyinshi, ketone, na hydrocarbone, bitera ibibazo byinshi mubikorwa, kubika, gutwara, no kubaka. Birashya, biraturika, kandi bifite umutekano muke. Bitewe n'uburozi bwabo, bihindagurika mu kirere, bihumanya cyane ibidukikije. Kubwibyo, abakora ibicuruzwa byo murugo no mumahanga bitangiye guteza imbere ubwoko bushya bwimyenda ikoresha igisubizo gito cyangwa ntakibazo. Bumwe muri ubwo bwoko bushya bwo gutwikira ni ifu.
Igifuniko cyo hejuru cyumubyimba wigitanda cyumye cyane gikozwe mubukonje - buzunguye ibyuma bidafite ingese, bivamo ibiciro byinshi. Impamvu yo gukoresha ibyuma bitagira umwanda aho gukoresha ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone nuko ibikoresho bizahura nibikoresho bitandukanye byangirika na gaze mugihe gikora, kandi ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa; kubwibyo, imbeho - izengurutswe ibyuma bidafite ingese.
Gutera amashanyarazi ya polyester resin yifu yifu ya pole isanzwe ya karubone igera kubirwanya ruswa ugereranije nicyuma. Kuberako ubu bwoko bwifu ya porojeri irakomeye, iramba, kandi ifite imitako myiza yo gushushanya, hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo guhangana nikirere cyo hanze no guhangana nubushyuhe, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa nziza, kurwanya chalking, gloss, hamwe nibikorwa byamabara, gutera ifu ya electrostatike birakwiriye rwose kurinda ruswa yumye y'ibishishwa byumye.
Ikiganiro kuri Welding ya Austenitike Nickel - Ibyuma bya Chromium Stainless Ibikoresho byinshi byo kumisha ni ibikoresho byo gusudira byubatswe, impapuro nyinshi zikaba 1Cr18Ni9Ti (18 - 8). Ibibazo byo kwangirika no kuvunika bikunze kugaragara mugihe cyo gusudira. Ibi bigira ingaruka zikomeye mubuzima bwibicuruzwa no gukora. Itandukaniro riri hagati yicyuma cya austenitis nicyuma gisanzwe cya karubone kiri mumashanyarazi mabi yacyo, coefficente nini yo kwagura ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gushyushya, hamwe n’amashanyarazi menshi. Bitewe nibi biranga, uburyo bwihariye bwo gusudira burasabwa ibyuma bya austenitis. Kwangirika hagati yikibazo nikimwe mubibazo nyamukuru byibyuma byinshi. Mugihe iki cyuma ubwacyo gifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, inzira yo gusudira igabanya iyi myigaragambyo. Imiterere ya ruswa mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bya austenitike harimo: muri rusange, byegeranye, hamwe na ruswa. Uruganda rwo murugo rwatumizaga ibikoresho byo kumisha biva hanze. Uburyo bwo gusudira budakwiye bwangije microstructure yikintu cyuma kitagira umuyonga cyumufuka, gitera kwangirika. Mugihe cyo kumisha, ibikoresho birimo aside irike, biganisha kumeneka vuba kumurongo wibyuma.
Umwanzuro Nkuko tekinoroji yo kumisha yateye imbere kugeza ubu, nkubuhanga bwubuhanga, intsinzi yayo ntabwo iterwa gusa nurwego rwo gukama ahubwo inashingiye cyane kumiterere yibikoresho, guhitamo ibikoresho, nuburyo bwo gukora. Urebye ibintu bitandukanye, gutegura gahunda yinganda zifatika bifite akamaro kanini mubukungu.